Filters are indispensible in RF/microwave systems, whether for stopping some signals or separating others. High-frequency filters come in many shapes and sizes, with a variety of different responses, and designing such a filter was once best left to an engineer with not only the expertise, but the experience to know when a given filter construction or technology might be appropriate. In the age of the computer, however, some of that expertise and experience has been captured in the form of program code, and design engineers in the RF/microwave industry have a wide range of software design tools for filtersboth for commercial sale and as free-of-charge 'freeware.' Although the old adage 'you get what you pay for' is usually true, some of the free software tools can be quite useful for different applications. Commercial RF/microwave design suites, such as the Advanced Design System (ADS) tools from, the CST Design Studio from, and Microwave Office from include the circuit design tools needed to create RF and microwave filters in a variety of transmission-line technologies. These include microstrip, stripline, coplanar waveguide, and waveguide. In addition, the Genesys RF and microwave design software from Agilent is a low-cost integrated suite of programs that includes filter design capabilities.
Many of these full-featured computer-aided-engineering (CAE) design suites include dedicated software design tools. For example, the iFilter filter design software module is designed to plug into the Microwave Office design environment. This module was developed specifically for the synthesis of lumped-element and distributed filters, and was written to operate seamlessly within the AWR Design Environment.
The iFilter module provides an intuitive interface to simplify filter design, and all tradeoffs in performance to be made as they are connected to other circuits in a design. The software automatically generates layouts for distributed filters and can realize lumped-element filters using a library of commercial components, such as inductors and capacitors. The iFilter software also provides feedback on higher-order modes and line widths for common characteristic impedances, and warns the user if the desired characteristics of the filter are beyond the capabilities of a specific topology. In addition, it can perform accurate synthesis through electromagnetic (EM) verification with AWR's AXIEM three-dimensional (3D) planar EM simulator. Has been providing filter design software for over 20 yearsmost notably, in the form of its Parfil design tool.
The company's software targets parallel-coupled interdigital and combline filters, in particular for RF/microwave microstrip and stripline applications. The firm has consistently upgraded Parfil over the years, adding the capability to design flat-group-delay filters. In addition to Parfil, the firm also supplies the Elliptic, LineComp, and ProCAP software tools. Elliptic, as the name suggests, is designed for creating elliptic filters. The software includes design information for both cross-coupled and elliptic filters. Adding rods or lines which couple to the first and last filter rods provides two additional zeros to achieve the desired elliptic filter response.Folding a filter so that rods or lines couple between internal rods achieves cross coupling, which is also possible at lower frequencies through the use of capacitors and inductors. LineComp handles transmission line and coupled transmission line analysis and synthesis, while ProCAP is a nodal analysis program developed for use with the Parfil and Elliptic programs.
It has over 100 circuit elements which may be used in a circuit design. The Filpro filter design software was developed by a number of engineers and educators, and is available.
Free Rf Filter Design Software
Designed as a teaching tool, it supports fast filter synthesis, circuit transformations, and analysis of lumped-element and distributed filters. The software contains filter synthesis and circuit transformation techniques from technical literature sources as independent modules which can be accessed by means of its user menus. By linking different choices from different menus or toolboxes, a filter design can be created. Filpro offers a variety of operating modes. Using its 'Design by Inserting Elements' option, for example, allows a user to configure a cascaded circuit by inserting elements into a design. The software functions as a sort of virtual network analyzer supported by a large number of library circuit transformations.
The software allows quick insertion of elements into any position in a circuit, simply by moving a cursor and clicking on the location of the circuit shown in the screen. In addition to designing lumped-element and distributed filters, the software can also be used to synthesize direct-coupled or evanescent-mode or propagating mode rectangular waveguide filters. For those starting in filter design, the RF/microwave industry provides many low-cost and free design tools that can not only assist a design project, but serve as excellent educational tools. For example, in addition to the firm's renown for its upgrade work on Klipsch loudspeakers (from famed Arkansas speaker designer Paul Klipsch). Offers a pair of powerful filter design programs in PCFILT and S/FILSYN.
In addition, LCLAYOUT is a low-cost drawing program for LC filters designed by the PCFILT or S/FILSYN design programs. It provides drawings for circuits built using air wound inductors and single-layer capacitors formed on alumina or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) circuit-board substrates. The firm also offers free DOS and Windows-based demonstration versions of its filter design software, along with free copies of the user's guides in PDF form for those interested in reviewing the software's capabilities before buying it.
Rf Filters Design
Is a 32-b filter design program for a variety of filters from audio frequencies through the microwave range, including Butterworth, Chebyshev, Cauer, Bessel, Gaussian, Constant-K, and M-derived types. It is written for handling lumped-element filters and provides high-quality screen graphics to make the task of designing a filter more enjoyable, along with Monte Carlo analysis functionality to make the final filter more accurate and realistic. The software allows data to be saved in a file format for analysis by another program. A student version of Elsie is included in the latest version of the ARRL Handbook from the.
Some of the integrated-circuit (IC) manufacturers offer useful tools for active filter design, including the excellent nine-page application note (No. 1795) from, 'Analog Filter Design Demystified.' It shows how to use the company's ICs to assembly some basic filter architectures, including lowpass and highpass filters. Provides a free filter design program called FilterCAD (now version 3.0) that helps create active filters based on Linear's IC products.
It can be used to design lowpass, highpass, bandpass, and notch filters with a variety of responses, including Butterworth, Bessel, Chebychev, and custom responses. Another free filter design program is from which can be used to compute the component values for an RF/microwave bandpass filter when given the image impedance level, frequency, and desired loaded quality factor (Q). In addition to its QuickFilter and FilterSolutions filter design software tools, offers a free version of Filter Solutions called Filter Free. The programs can handle active and passive filters, lumped-element RF filters, and digital filters.
QuickFilter, a low-cost (only $2295 USD) filter synthesis program, can be used to create lowpass, highpass, bandpass, and band-reject filters based on lumped-element, distributed-element, active element, switched-capacitor, and digital technologies. QuickFilter provides graphic and text interfaces to guide operators in selecting from among various classic filter response curves, including Bessel, Butterworth, Chebyshev, and Elliptic filter responses. The filter synthesis software is designed for use with the firm's FilterSolutions design software for added flexibility, along with stopbands and adjustments to optimize phase linearity. Another free design tool is the popular AppCAD set of software tools, originally from Hewlett-Packard Co.
(now Agilent Technologies) and now available as Version 3.0.2 from. It provides useful S-parameter analysis routines, including functions for analyzing filter responses. The tool can analyze the S-parameters of an active or passive filter design for gain, stability, noise figure, impedance matching, phase linearity, group delay, and isolation, and can deliver calculated results on polar plots, Smith charts, rectangular plots versus frequency, and in tabular form. In addition to these programs, EM simulators are also useful for designing high-frequency filters, and most of the larger software suites include EM simulation tools that can be used with the collection's circuit simulators.
As well, suppliers of EM simulators, like, offer a powerful tool in the form of their free EM simulator, Sonnet Lite. Although this is a feature-limited version of the firm's popular and powerful EM simulators, it is capable of performing analysis on 3D planar circuits and can be a useful assistant in the design and analysis of RF/microwave filters. In addition to studying stripline and microstrip filters, the software is quite useful for analyzing package resonances, transmission lines, and high-frequency interconnections.
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What is RF Filter RF filter is used to pass radio frequencies within the desired band and blocks the undesired or unwanted radio frequencies in a wireless communication chain. The filters can be various types based on requirement. For example in the RF up conversion chain below, used to convert 70 MHz IF input to 6GHz RF output filters are employed as per need in the design. At the input 52-88 MHz low pass filter is used using discrete components. This signal beats with 1112.5 MHz signal gives 1182.5 MHz signal output and other products from the mixer.
After first mixer BPF (band pass filter) which passes 1182.5 MHz with bandwidth of 36MHz is employed. Later after second stage of mixing, 5925 to 6425 MHz microstrip based parallel coupled band pass filter is incorporated. In the first stage of mixing, local oscillator of fixed value 1112.5MHz is passed through microstrip based 3-4 stage hairpin RF filter can be used. The round corner edge coupled band pass filter of microstrip type is used to filter the output of synthesizer of value 4680 to 5375MHz. RF Filter design example This article describes basic steps in microwave and RF filter design. The example mentioned here is for micro-strip based LP filter.
To illustrate RF filter design we will take RF Low Pass Filter with the following specifications: Impedance: 50 Ohm Cutoff frequency (Fc): 3 GHz Equi-ripple: 0.5dB Rejection: 40 dB at 2.Fc Step 1: First determine normalized frequency, which in this case is w/wc, equals to 2 (6GHz/3GHz). Determine filter type based on ripple required, which in this case is about 0.5dB, hence chebyshev type of filter will be ideal choice. Now based on normalized frequency (2) and attenuation (40dB) and using the filter response curve (chebysev LPF with 0.5 dB ripple), determine filter order (N) required for the design. Filter response will have normalized frequency on X axis and Attenuation on Y axis. Different filter orders are plotted against these two.
Doing so from 40dB and normalized frequency of 2 we get filter order of value 5 from the curve for our rf filter design. Based on filter order N (here 5) and using Filter coefficients table as mentioned above for Chebysev LPF for 0.5dB ripple we will determine filter coefficients, which are g1=1.7058,g2=1.2296,g3=2.5408,g4=1.2296,g5=1.7058,g6=1.
The figure above mentions low Pass Chebysev Filter Coefficients for 0.5dB ripple for various orders of the filter. Following figure mentions LPF with order N using discrete L and C components. Step 2: Now use Richard transformation to replace inductor by short circuit line and capacitor by open circuit line. Length of the lines should be λ/8.
Figure 4 below is obtained after Richard- transformation is applied to discrete circuit in figure 4 for rf filter design. Step 3: Now convert all the short circuited stubs, which are in series into shunt connected open circuit stubs. This can be achieved using Kudora's identities. This is depicted in figures 6-9 below. To apply Kudora's identity unit elements are introduced in the circuit where ever required as shown in figures below. In figure 6, unit element is inserted at the input and output without changing rest of the elements. Now Z1 and Z5 are converted from open circuit shunt elements to the short circuit series elements.
Now two more unit elements are inserted at the source and destination. And using Kudora's identities z1,z2,z4 and z5 elements are converted from S.C. Series elements to the O.C. Shunt elements The same RF filter design is incorporated using built in micro strip line elements in RF/microwave design software such as Agilent EESoF or ADS or microwave office from AWR. Step 4: Following is the realization of RF filter as micro-strip based on specifications mentioned at the beginning of this article. Step 5: This microstrip layout mentioned in figure.10 is etched on the respective dielectric based on frequency of operation as mentioned and tested with connectors using scalar network analyzer (SNA).
Conclusion The same method has to be used for band pass and high pass RF filter design. Only thing has to be taken care is to choose filter order N using normalized frequency versus attenuation curve.
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Based on this order N, appropriate filter coefficients have to be derived from table with required ripple. RF Filter Related Links.
Features Features Benefits You can design filters up to 50th order. All limits are of practical nature. The inputs are automatically checked in order to avoid program errors which are common in this field. While you are inputing your specifications, QuickFil shows you the consequences and checks if the inputs are feasible (Timesaver). Dependent fields are updated automatically on line. You can optimize the specifications of the filter and find a trade-off between the theoretical and the practical world. Circuit topologies and values may be changed or reordered.
Reverse, dual and two-port manipulations are available. You can choose the best topology concerning the mechanical limits of the filter. Variations in the filters are also possible using Norton/Impedance transformation and Pi-to-Tee conversions. This feature can be used to optimize your components.
You will get better and cheaper components (saves money). The filter can be analyzed including losses (component quality Q). You can estimate the minimum quality of the filter components. You define different terminating resistors. This feature can be used for matching networks. Why QuickFil?
Differences Why? QuickFil is the fastest passive filter design software on the market.
Only QuickFil uses special designed fast mathematical algorithms and arithmetic routines in assembler language (speed up to 5 times). Only QuickFil searches for realizable circuit, systematically. No waist of time with negative components. This feature is possible due to the high speed design algorithm. QuickFil is very easy to use. Only QuickFil checks the inputs fields and shows some important parameter in real-time, during your input. Stopband loss, 3dB edge frequency ).
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For every menu there is online help. You will find the most important information to the specific topic.
Only QuickFil can easy design equal ripple or maximally flat pass band response and arbitrary stop band. Just define the shape of the stop band and the program will optimize the position of the transmission zeros. Only QuickFil has Bessel and modified Bessel approximations, that are very easy to design, since you can define the stop band edge frequency. QuickFil helps you reduce the production cost of the filter. Only QuickFil finds the circuits with minimum elements of an elliptical filter, systematically. You can specify parametric band pass filters, which are interesting for filters having minimum number of inductors. QuickFil helps you design filter of a higher quality.
Only QuickFil can design better group delay response. You can add an allpass to the minimum phase filter. There is a special least-p optimization algorithm included. With certain approximation you can define fixed transmission zeros. This feature can be used to suppress pilot carriers.
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